The New Energy Frontier: Biofuels
New Hampshire Public Radio’s The Exchange program, hosted by Laura Knoy, devoted a program to the topic: Figuring Out Bio-Fuel.
The 4 minute section on Grass Energy starts 42:28 into the show, which you can download or listen to from their site.
Here is some additional material on Grass Energy that adds to the material in the 4 minute interview.
Grass Energy is a tested and proven technology. In Canada, grass pellets have already been used experimentally for home heating. Burning grass for energy has been a well-accepted technology in Europe for decades.
As I was able to say on the air, we have years of experience with growing grass and pelletizing it – especially as an animal feed. The missing link in the Grass Energy chain has been a ready supply of commercially produced stoves, designed to burn high ash fuels such as grass, for the retail market. The missing link is about to fall into place.
The very good news is that we expect at least three major stove manufactures to announce new high ash capable stoves at the Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Expo in Salt Lake City, March 9 – 11.
Latter this year, we are also expecting the availability of stoker grate options for out door furnaces. Now these units will also be able to use clean burning Grass Energy – no more problems with smoke blowing into neighbors’ living rooms.
These new stoves and grates are multi-fuel solutions that will give the user the ability to select the fuel of their choice based on factors such as: availability, price, and convenience. Given recent experiences with pellet fuel pricing and availability, these multi-fuel stoves will give consumers much needed confidence that reasonably priced fuel will always be available for their heating needs.
The introduction this year of these new and highly efficient stoves means that the 2006 – 2007 heating season will be the first heating season in which Grass Energy makes a significant contribution in the United States.
Research by Prof Jerry Cherney of Cornell university has shown that grass, a superb collector of solar energy, can be made into Grass Energy Pellets that have 90+% of the energy content of a premium, low ash, wood pellet. Unlike wood pellets, which are dependent upon a static to shrinking supply of sawdust as their feed-stock, Grass Energy has a tremendous untapped reserve of annually renewable feed-stock resources. For example, there are over 39 million acres are in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). We are paying farmers not to farm these acres. Why not turn them into Grass Energy producing acres that earn the farmers an income and at the same time reduce the burden on the tax payers by elimination the CRP subsidy as fully as possible?
Given the abundant and under utilized supply of raw materials, the challenge this year will be to fill the Grass Energy supply chain, not to keep it filled.
As we move further into the new energy frontier, here is a list of 6 key developments we can expect:
1] We will shift from a few, inefficient, centralized power plants to millions of small, 90% efficient, decentralized mirco-CHP internet appliances;
2] The electrical grid changes from power supply to back battery;
3] Our economy will change from fossil fuels to renewable biofuels such as Grass Energy;
4] Citizens will change from passive consumers of power to active producers, sellers and buyers of power produced in their basements;
5] We will stop exporting energy dollars and will keep our energy dollars in America to build and strengthen our local communities and economies;
6] A few jobs created in a few states building centralized plants will become many jobs, in all states, building, installing, servicing, fueling 50 million micro-CHP units [50% of US residential housing stock]
For more information on Grass Energy, the 41 page Grass Energy working paper is available here.
In February 2006, Roger Samson gave an excellent one hour over-view of Grass Energy, Switchgrass Energy Revolution, at the Frontier Centre in Manitoba, Canada.
The Grass Energy Collaborative
Grass is Greener
2 comments Jock Gill | Community, Economy
Net Energy & Metrics – from the Grass Energy working paper:
Net Energy Realized
One of the key metric for biofuels is the net energy gain they represent after allowing for all of the energy inputs required to produce them. Grass appears to offer the best return on energy invested to produce it: 12:1 according to R.E.A.P. Canada. Biodiesel has been rated as high 3.2:1 but is now generally rated closer to 2:1 . On the other hand, ethanol made from corn in North America, according to the Wikipedia (Minnesota Department of Agriculture), offers 1.34:1 return on the energy investment. This raises a question as to why research on ethanol from corn is currently receiving the lions share of U.S. Government research dollars for dedicated energy crops.
By way of comparison, gasoline made from fossil oil is reported to have a net energy value of only .85:1. This shows that the return on the investment of the total energy inputs required to deliver gasoline to the retail pump is negative.
It is suggested by some that Net Energy must be balanced with the Application Value of the biofuel produced. It should be further noted that agricultural subsidies have distorted the choice of input stocks for making biofuels.
A second metric for biofuels is the utility of the feedstock used. New research at UC Berkeley has identify switchgrass as a feed stock for ethanol production with a much better portfolio of benefits than corn.
According to R.E.A.P., Switchgrass has a net gain of about 11 barrels of oil energy equivalent per acre. This compares favourably to other commercial biofuel alternatives. Corn ethanol, for example, only produces enough net energy on one acre to replace 1.5 barrels of oil. Corn also requires moderate to high quality farmland for its production; switch grass can be grown on lower quality lands.
A third metric is the environmental impact of the production of the biomass feedstock itself. Modern row cropping has one set of characteristics, modern hay production another. Which has the best portfolio of benefits?
I’ve read that fifty years ago the amount of energy gotten back from oil compared to the energy put in was about 100:1 and that in recent years, the figure worldwide has dropped to about 50:1. I’m not sure if the price of transportation and conversion to gasoline is included in that but if it were not, then we’re still talking about something roughly like 49:1 which tells us that if cheap oil production begins to fall, it’s going to be tough to convert to a different energy economy. Oddly enough, a sad situation because of cute laws the oil companies have put through is that in some places in Texas (not that many if I understand it right) there are indeed oil wells that cost more energy to develop than the energy they give back but the tax advantages give oil companies a profit.
One of the cute things oil companies are telling us is that there’s still plenty of oil and in a sense they’re right but the best oil, and and an oil we used to find in abundance, is light sweet crude; new fields of light sweet crude are getting harder to find but there are still some heavier crudes out there and there’s also oil shale and oil sands and even conversion from coal; of course I’m sure you know the pollution problems with those types as well as the falling energy ratios as those types are exploited.
I wish I knew more about this stuff. I’ve been learning a fair amount at the blog called, The Oil Drum, and other sites.